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Isolation and characterization of beta-glucans of natural origin
Ratsilouskaya, Lizaveta ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the characterization of natural beta-glucans and other active substances isolated from macroalgae and yeasts. The used macroalgae samples differ in the pigment, origin and method of algae processing. The theoretical part focuses on seaweed and yeast species, beta-glucans, their sources and biological effects, other biologically active substances (such as polyphenols and antioxidants) and finally on methods for determining these biologically active substances. In the practical part, samples of selected macroalgae were analyzed, namely samples of Arame, Nori, Kombu, Wakame, Hijiki and Spaghetti. Aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of these algae were prepared in this work. The aqueous extracts were used for spectrophotometric determination of phenolic substances, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method. Furthermore, ethanol and acetone extracts of said macroalgae were used to determine total chlorophyll and carotenoid content spectrophotometric. The work also focused on beta-glucan content, analyzing macroalgae and yeast R. toruloides. Arame and Nori algae and R. toruloides were high in beta-glucans. However, beta-glucans were very low in other macroalgae.
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Vegetable adaptogens - Schizandra chinensis
Pospíchalová, Lucie ; Půčková, Helena (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the regional climate zone of the South Moravian Region as well as the use of this plant. Furthermore, adaptogens are described from a chemical point of view and their possible methods of isolation from individual parts of plants. The experimental part deals with extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, in the leaves extract was determined chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids by spectrophotometry, where the quantity of individual substances was confirmed for months April – May.
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Use of autotrophic algae to production of biomass and some metabolites
Chrástová, Nikola ; Kostovová, Iveta (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Chlorophyll and carotenoids are natural pigments and antioxidants. These pigments are suitable for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics or food industries. Lipids are another major metabolite of algae and are a potential feedstock for biofuel production. This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of selected genera of autotrophic algae, subsequent isolation of these selected metabolites and their application. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the algae, the metabolites produced, the cultivation and the chosen methods. The experimental part deals with the optimization of the cultivation of algae of the genera Chlorella, Chlamydomonas and Desmodesmus, depending on the chosen medium and intensity of illumination, determination and quantification of algal biomass. Further, extraction of lipidic and carotenoid substances and determination by HPLC and GC was performed. In the overall comparison, the best producer of biomass is the algal genus Desmodesmus and the highest production of pigments and lipid substances was reached in algae of the genus Chlamydomonas.
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Adaptogens in the Shizandra chinensis plant
Pospíchalová, Lucie ; Půčková, Helena (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the climate zone. Furthermore, The effects of these adaptogens on the organism and the prediction of possible use in food supplements are described. The experimental part deals with the extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b in the leaves extract was determined by UV – VIS spectrophotometry, whereby the optimal amount 3:1 of chlorophyll was confirmed for the plants growing in optimal conditions. Finally, the concentration of the adaptogen schisandrin A in the dried fruits was from different kind of extraction measured by HPLC. In all fruits, schisandrin A was confirmed, but the amount is different in each sample.
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Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll
Rábová, Petra ; Vavrčíková, Veronika (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on determination of chlorophyll in leaves by the method of extraction spectrophotometry. The theoretical part provides information about photosynthesis, stress factors or plant adaptation, photosynthetic pigments (especially chlorophyll-a) and application of spectrophotometry and other methods of chlorophyll determination. The experimental part is focused on the application of the ecotoxicological test and, above all, it is evaluation by two independent methods. Specifically, it was determination of biomass growth inhibition and newly spectrophotometrical determination of chlorophyll mass. The results correlate with each other, therefore, the determination of chlorophyll seems to be an appropriate extension of usual evaluation methods of ecological tests.
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Development and optimization of ointment preparation for burn healing
Müllerová, Kristýna ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis aims to prepare ointments based on an ointment base with the addition of a bioactive component of chlorophyll according to a recipe from an unknow doctor. The basic characteristic of emulsions was performer in the theoretical part, their instability and possible methods of stabilization were described. Furthermore, the reader is acquainted with the bioactive substance of chlorophyll, selected ointments for the healing of burns and wounds and finally with the use in medicine. In the Experimental part, the preparation of emulsion bases of ointment was described. Based on a performed analysis of stability using analytical centrifuge, two ointments bases were selected, to which other components were added – chlorophyll, beeswax, and chamomile extract. The stability of completely prepared ointments was studied at 25 °C and 37 °C, this analysis was performed even after a longer time interval. Using ATR-FTIR spectrometry the present functional groups were identified at prepared ointments, individual components of the ointments base and chlorophyll. Based on the stability measurement of the prepared ointments and rheological measurements (oscillation and rotational measurements), it was evaluated that the best properties were shown by the prepared ointment with an ointment base consisting of 30 wt. % white vaseline and 70 wt. % synderman.
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Účinky vybraných peptidů na jednobuněčnou řasu Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Avdeeva, Olga
In the presented work, the modified novicidin peptides NVCAA and NVCHH were applied to the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The aim of the study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the tested peptides on Escherichia coli bacteria with subsequent application on the unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The assessment of the effect of the tested peptides on the algae was carried out using spectrophotometric analyses: chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity and using the DPPH ASSAY method. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii molecular changes were determined by monitoring the amount of isolated RNA and the expression of APX1, APX2, CAT1, CAT2 genes using the Real-time PCR method. Statistically processed data showed that the application of NVCAA and NVCHH peptides induced considerable stress in the cilia.
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Chlorofyl a jeho význam pro zdraví
Hübnerová, Amálie
This bachelor thesis deals with chlorophyll and its importance for health. It focuses on describing the structure of chlorophyll as a plant pigment and the organelle chlo-roplast in which it located. Properties that are important for photosynthesis are described here. Its application in the food industry and effect on health as an antio-xidant or use in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, Diabetes mellitus and Trimethylaminuria have been investigated. Chlorophyll has even been found to act as a new antiviral against COVID-19.
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Effect of distance from the plant on the intensity of interaction between plants and soil
Skydaniuk, Liudmyla ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
The concept of plant-soil feedback is increasingly used to explain plant-community interactions. As plants grow, they change the conditions in the surrounding soil environment. These soil changes affect further plant growth. We call this effect plant-soil feedback (PSF). The effect of PSF is typically studied directly in the place where the plant grows. How far from the plant this effect can be, however, is little explored, but this knowledge is important for understanding the structure of plant communities. The main goal of thesis was to investigate the effects of the distance from the plant on the intensity of intraspecific and interspecific feedback between the plant and the soil. The research was conducted using a classic, two-phase experiment. Four species were selected for the research, forming two pairs of one grass and one broad-leaved herb each time. The first pair were Bromus erectus and Inula salicina occurring naturally on dry lawns in northern Bohemia. The second pair were Calamagrostis epigeios and Daucus carota, occurring on lignite dumps in Sokolovsk. The species were cultivated during the cultivation phase in the soil of their origin, it means the soil of the dry lawn of northern Bohemia or the Sokolovsk dump, either each species of the pair was cultivated separately or both...
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Physiological responses of plants to arficial light
Holečková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
The topic of this bachelor`s thesis is the physiological response od plants to artificial lighting, meaning artificial lighting from street lamps, which is one of the important anthropogenic influences. Artificial lighting at night is referred to by the acronym ALAN (from the english phrase Artificial light at night) and can have a significant effect on plant behaviour. In this thesis, the current knowledge on the influence of streetlights on not only plant behaviour but also on entire ecosystems is summarised in the theoretical part. In the practical part, the chlorophyll content of plants is measured, which is an important parameter informing about their physiological state, i.e. whether nighttime artificial lighting has an influence on it. Subsequently, the detected chlorophyll content of plants under street lighting is compared with that of paired control plants in their surroundings that are not under any artificial lighting. The measurements are carried out using a specially designed instrument for the detection of chlorophyll content in plant leaves called CCM300. The result of the work is the understanding of the possible effect of street lighting Key words Physiological reaction, artificial light at night, plants, chlorophyll
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